Chemistry Unit Converter mol ⇔ mmol ⇔ µmol ⇔ g ⇔ mg ⇔ µg — Molar Mass Calculator
The complete chemistry quantity converter — type any value in any unit and all 10 units update simultaneously: mol, mmol, µmol, nmol, pmol (amount) and kg, g, mg, µg, ng (mass). Enter a chemical formula (H₂O, NaCl, C₆H₁₂O₆, Ca(OH)₂) and the molar mass is calculated automatically from atomic weights — no lookup required. Or choose from 47 preloaded common compounds (glucose, aspirin, NaCl, ethanol, amino acids, lab reagents). The molarity calculator converts between mass, volume, and molar concentration (M, mM). Full step-by-step dimensional analysis shown for every conversion. Avogadro’s number panel shows molecules/atoms alongside every result. Clinical mEq converter for electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺). All calculations are browser-side — nothing sent to any server.
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What Is a Mole in Chemistry? — Definition, Formula & Why It Matters
The mole (mol) is the SI unit for amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.02214076 × 10²³ elementary entities — atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, or any other particles. This number, Avogadro’s constant (Nₐ), was redefined as an exact value in the 2019 revision of the SI system. The mole solves a fundamental problem in chemistry: individual atoms are far too small and numerous to count directly, but you can count them by weighing them, because one mole of any substance has a mass in grams equal to its molar mass.
How many grams are in 1 mole?
The number of grams in 1 mole depends on the substance. It equals the molar mass in g/mol:
| Substance | Molar mass (= g per 1 mole) | How calculated |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrogen gas (H₂) | 2.016 g/mol | 2 × 1.008 (H) |
| Water (H₂O) | 18.015 g/mol | 2(1.008) + 15.999 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO₂) | 44.009 g/mol | 12.011 + 2(15.999) |
| Sodium chloride (NaCl) | 58.440 g/mol | 22.990 + 35.450 |
| Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) | 180.156 g/mol | 6(12.011) + 12(1.008) + 6(15.999) |
| Aspirin (C₉H₈O₄) | 180.159 g/mol | 9(12.011) + 8(1.008) + 4(15.999) |
| Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) | 342.297 g/mol | Sum of C, H, O atoms |
What is Avogadro’s number?
Avogadro’s number Nₐ = 6.02214076 × 10²³ mol⁻¹. It is the number of atoms, molecules, or ions in exactly one mole of any substance. Originally named after Amedeo Avogadro, the actual numerical value was determined experimentally by Jean Perrin in 1909. Since 2019 it is an exact defined constant of the SI system. Practical meaning: 18.015 grams of water contains exactly 6.022 × 10²³ H₂O molecules. The converter above shows the molecule count alongside every conversion.
Moles to Grams Formula & All Chemistry Unit Conversions
The moles to grams formula
where:
m = mass in grams (g)
n = amount in moles (mol)
M = molar mass in grams per mole (g/mol)
To convert grams to moles (rearranged):
n = m / M
How to convert moles to grams — step by step
Step 1: Find the molar mass of glucose
M = 6(12.011) + 12(1.008) + 6(15.999) = 72.066 + 12.096 + 95.994 = 180.156 g/mol
Step 2: Apply the formula
m = n × M = 2 mol × 180.156 g/mol = 360.312 g
Answer: 2 moles of glucose = 360.312 grams
How to convert grams to moles — step by step
Step 1: Molar mass of NaCl = 22.990 + 35.446 = 58.436 g/mol
Step 2: n = m / M = 117 g ÷ 58.436 g/mol = 2.002 mol
Answer: 117 grams of NaCl = 2.002 moles
How to convert mmol to grams
Because 1 mmol = 0.001 mol, and m = n × M:
m = (mmol / 1000) × M
Example: 500 mmol of NaCl (M = 58.44 g/mol)
m = 500 × 58.44 / 1000 = 29.22 g
Mol to grams conversion table for common substances
| Substance | Molar mass | 1 mol = | 1 mmol = | 1 µmol = |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water (H₂O) | 18.015 | 18.015 g | 18.015 mg | 18.015 µg |
| NaCl | 58.440 | 58.440 g | 58.440 mg | 58.440 µg |
| Glucose | 180.156 | 180.156 g | 180.156 mg | 180.156 µg |
| Ethanol | 46.069 | 46.069 g | 46.069 mg | 46.069 µg |
| Aspirin | 180.159 | 180.159 g | 180.159 mg | 180.159 µg |
| NaOH | 39.997 | 39.997 g | 39.997 mg | 39.997 µg |
| HCl | 36.461 | 36.461 g | 36.461 mg | 36.461 µg |
| CO₂ | 44.009 | 44.009 g | 44.009 mg | 44.009 µg |
Key insight: for any substance, 1 mmol weighs exactly M mg (the molar mass in milligrams). 1 µmol weighs exactly M µg.
How to Calculate Molar Mass — Formula Parser for Any Chemical
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance in g/mol. It numerically equals the sum of atomic masses of all atoms in the molecular formula, using atomic masses from the periodic table (IUPAC 2021 standard values).
How to find molar mass step by step
Step 1: Write the formula with atom counts: H₂, S₁, O₄
Step 2: Look up atomic masses: H=1.008, S=32.059, O=15.999
Step 3: Multiply by counts:
H: 2 × 1.008 = 2.016
S: 1 × 32.059 = 32.059
O: 4 × 15.999 = 63.996
Step 4: Sum: 2.016 + 32.059 + 63.996 = 98.071 g/mol
Molar mass formula parser — how to enter formulas
| Compound | Formula to enter | Molar mass | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | H2O | 18.015 g/mol | Subscripts as numbers |
| Calcium hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 | 74.093 g/mol | Brackets with subscript |
| Aluminium sulfate | Al2(SO4)3 | 342.147 g/mol | Nested brackets |
| Ammonium carbonate | (NH4)2CO3 | 96.086 g/mol | Brackets at start |
| Glucose | C6H12O6 | 180.156 g/mol | Organic formula |
| Iron(III) sulfate | Fe2(SO4)3 | 399.878 g/mol | Transition metal compound |
Molarity Calculator — How to Calculate Molar Concentration
Molarity (M) is the amount of solute in moles divided by the volume of solution in litres. It is the most common way to express solution concentration in chemistry and biochemistry.
where M = molarity (mol/L), n = moles of solute, V = volume in litres
To find mass needed for a solution:
mass (g) = M × V (L) × molar mass (g/mol)
Example: prepare 500 mL of 0.1 M NaCl (M = 58.44 g/mol)
n = 0.1 mol/L × 0.5 L = 0.05 mol
mass = 0.05 mol × 58.44 g/mol = 2.922 g NaCl
| Solution | Target | Volume | Mass needed |
|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (physiological saline) | 0.154 M (9 g/L) | 1 L | 9.00 g NaCl |
| NaCl | 1 M | 1 L | 58.44 g NaCl |
| Glucose | 1 M | 1 L | 180.16 g glucose |
| KCl | 100 mM | 500 mL | 3.73 g KCl |
| NaOH | 0.1 M | 250 mL | 1.00 g NaOH |
| Aspirin | 10 mM | 100 mL | 180.16 mg aspirin |
mmol/L, mg/dL, mEq — Medical Chemistry Unit Conversions
Clinical laboratories use different units depending on the country and analyte. Understanding these conversions is essential for interpreting blood test results.
LazyTools vs Other Chemistry Converters
| Feature | LazyTools | Omni Calculator | MiniWebtool | Calculator Academy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bidirectional multi-unit (all 10 at once) | ✅ 10 units live | ⚠ 3 units | ⚠ 3 units | ⚠ 2 units |
| Chemical formula parser (H2O, Ca(OH)2) | ✅ Any formula | ✅ Yes | ❌ Manual only | ❌ Manual only |
| Chemical compound presets | ✅ 47 compounds | ⚠ Elements only | ⚠ Partial | ❌ None |
| Avogadro / molecules panel | ✅ Auto-shown | ⚠ Separate tool | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Molarity calculator built-in | ✅ Mass⇔Volume⇔M | ⚠ Separate tool | ❌ No | ❌ No |
| Step-by-step working | ✅ Dimensional analysis | ❌ No | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| No account required | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | ⚠ Ads | ✅ Yes |
Chemistry Unit Converter FAQ
Formula: grams = moles × molar mass (g/mol). Example: 2 mol H₂O × 18.015 g/mol = 36.03 g. Find molar mass by summing atomic masses of all atoms in the formula.
Formula: moles = grams ÷ molar mass (g/mol). n = m / M. Example: 36.03 g H₂O ÷ 18.015 g/mol = 2 mol. Enter grams in the g field above for instant conversion.
Molar mass = sum of atomic masses × atom counts in the formula. H₂O: 2(1.008) + 15.999 = 18.015 g/mol. NaCl: 22.990 + 35.446 = 58.436 g/mol. Enter any formula in the parser above for automatic calculation.
g = mmol × molar mass / 1000. Example: 500 mmol NaCl (M=58.44): 500 × 58.44 / 1000 = 29.22 g. Or: 1 mmol always weighs M mg (molar mass in milligrams). Key shortcut.
The mole is the SI unit of amount of substance. 1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro’s number). One mole of any substance has a mass in grams equal to its molar mass. Bridges atomic-scale and lab-scale measurements.
6.02214076 × 10²³ mol⁻¹. The number of atoms/molecules in 1 mole of any substance. An SI defining constant since 2019. 18.015 g of water contains exactly 6.022 × 10²³ H₂O molecules.
It depends on the substance — 1 mole weighs exactly M grams where M is the molar mass. H₂O: 18.015 g. NaCl: 58.44 g. Glucose: 180.156 g. CO₂: 44.009 g. Iron (Fe): 55.845 g.
Multiply by 1000. 1 mol = 1000 mmol. 0.5 mol = 500 mmol. To convert mmol to mol: divide by 1000. Scale: 1 mol = 1000 mmol = 10⁶ µmol = 10⁹ nmol = 10¹² pmol.
M = n / V = (mass / molar mass) / volume(L). To prepare solution: mass = M × V × molar mass. Example: 1 M NaCl in 1 L: 1 × 1 × 58.44 = 58.44 g NaCl. Use the molarity calculator in the tool above.
mg = mmol × molar mass (g/mol). Because 1 mmol = 1 mg per g/mol unit. Example: 5 mmol glucose (M=180.156): 5 × 180.156 = 900.78 mg. Or 0.901 g.
m = n × M. Mass (g) = moles × molar mass (g/mol). Rearranged: n = m/M (grams to moles). Molar mass M = m/n (find molar mass). All forms of the same equation n = m/M.
g = (µmol / 1,000,000) × M. Or: g = µmol × M / 1,000,000. Example: 500 µmol aspirin (M=180.159): 500 × 180.159 / 1,000,000 = 0.09008 g = 90.08 mg.
Enter formula (H2O, NaCl, C6H12O6) or choose from 47 compound presets. Type any value in mol, mmol, µmol, g, mg, µg — all 10 units update instantly. Molarity calculator included. Free, no account.
Sum atomic masses × atom count for each element. H₂SO₄: 2(1.008) + 32.059 + 4(15.999) = 98.071 g/mol. Use the formula parser above — type any formula and molar mass is calculated instantly from IUPAC atomic weights.
mmol/L = millimolar (mM). 1 M = 1000 mM. Blood glucose: 5.0 mmol/L = 90.08 mg/dL (glucose MW=180.16). Normal plasma Na⁺: 140 mmol/L. For any analyte: mg/dL = mmol/L × MW / 10.
1. Balance the equation (e.g., 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O). 2. Convert given mass to moles: n = m/M. 3. Apply mole ratio from equation. 4. Convert result moles to grams: m = n × M. The converter above handles steps 2 and 4 instantly.