Chemistry & Lab Calculators
Exact, deterministic chemistry tools, parse a formula for its molar mass, balance an equation to exact integer coefficients, or solve molarity, the gas law, specific heat and pH. Everything is computed in your browser, with the working shown, so the answers are byte-exact where a chatbot would drift.
- Interactive Periodic Table Explore all 118 elements: click any one for its full profile, recolour the whole table by category, phase, block or electronegativity, and search by name, symbol or number, full-screen.
- Electron Configuration Calculator Enter an element and get its electron configuration, the observed notation, the idealised Aufbau order, and the number of electrons in each shell.
- Element Comparison Tool Pick two to five elements and see their properties lined up in one table, mass, category, configuration, melting and boiling points, density, electronegativity and radius.
- Average Atomic Mass Calculator Enter each isotope’s mass and percent abundance to get the element’s average atomic mass, the weighted average that appears on the periodic table.
- Oxidation Number Calculator Enter a formula and get the oxidation number of every element, the tool applies the standard rules and solves the unknown by balancing to the overall charge.
- Weak Acid & Base pH Calculator Enter the Ka (or Kb) and the concentration to get the pH of a weak acid or base, solved exactly, no "x is small" shortcut.
- Ksp & Molar Solubility Calculator Enter a salt's Ksp and ion subscripts to get its molar solubility (or go the other way), including the common-ion effect.
- Equilibrium Constant (Kc) & ICE Calculator Set the reaction coefficients, initial concentrations and Kc to find the equilibrium concentrations and which way the reaction shifts.
- Hess's Law Enthalpy Calculator Enter each species' coefficient and standard enthalpy of formation to get the reaction enthalpy, and whether it's exothermic or endothermic.
- Titration Calculator Enter the known concentration, the titrant volume used, the analyte volume and the mole ratio to get the unknown concentration.
- Raoult's Law Calculator Enter the pure solvent's vapour pressure and the solvent mole fraction to get the solution's vapour pressure and the vapour-pressure lowering.
- Molar Mass Calculator Enter a chemical formula, even hydrates like CuSO₄·5H₂O or nested groups like Fe₂(SO₄)₃, and get its exact molar mass with a per-element breakdown.
- Molecular Weight Calculator Enter a chemical formula to get its molecular weight (g/mol) with each element’s contribution, hydrates and nested groups supported.
- Percent Composition Calculator Enter a chemical formula to get the mass percent of each element, each element’s mass ÷ the molar mass, shown as a clear breakdown.
- Chemical Equation Balancer Enter an unbalanced equation and get exact, smallest-integer coefficients, computed from the reaction’s linear system, not guessed.
- Balancing Equations Calculator Paste an unbalanced chemical equation and get the balanced form with exact, smallest-integer coefficients.
- Molarity Calculator Solve any part of a solution’s concentration, molarity, mass, molar mass or volume, from M = n/V, with the molar mass auto-filled from a formula.
- Ideal Gas Law Calculator (PV = nRT) Enter any three of pressure, volume, moles and temperature, and the ideal gas law PV = nRT gives the fourth.
- Specific Heat Calculator (q = mcΔT) Enter any three of heat, mass, specific heat and temperature change, and q = mcΔT gives the fourth.
- pH Calculator Enter a pH, pOH, hydrogen-ion or hydroxide-ion concentration, and get all four values plus whether the solution is acidic, neutral or basic.
- Molality Calculator Enter the solute's formula and mass and the solvent mass to get the molality, moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
- Mass Percent (w/w) Calculator Enter the mass of solute and solvent to get the mass percent (%w/w), the concentration on reagent and nutrition labels.
- Osmotic Pressure Calculator (π = iMRT) Enter the molarity, temperature and van't Hoff factor to get the osmotic pressure π = iMRT, shown in atm, kPa and mmHg.
- Stoichiometry Calculator Enter a reaction and the masses of your reactants, the tool balances it, finds the limiting reagent, and computes the theoretical yield of each product.
- Mole Calculator (Grams ↔ Moles ↔ Particles) Convert grams ↔ moles ↔ particles for any substance, type a formula to auto-fill the molar mass, and read all three at once.
- Empirical Formula Calculator Enter each element’s mass percent (or grams) to get the empirical formula, add the molar mass to find the molecular formula too.
- Percent Yield Calculator Enter actual and theoretical yield to get percent yield, or solve for the actual or theoretical value.
- Dilution Calculator (C₁V₁ = C₂V₂) Work out how to dilute a stock solution: enter three of C₁, V₁, C₂, V₂ and the dilution equation gives the fourth.
- Density Calculator Solve density, mass or volume from ρ = m/V, enter any two and get the third.
- Henderson, Hasselbalch Calculator Find a buffer’s pH from its pKa and the conjugate base/acid ratio, or solve for the pKa or a concentration.
- Beer, Lambert Law Calculator Relate absorbance to concentration with A = εlc, enter any three of absorbance, molar absorptivity, path length and concentration to get the fourth.
- Combined Gas Law Calculator Relate a gas’s pressure, volume and temperature before and after a change: enter five of the six values and get the sixth.
- Half-Life Calculator (Radioactive Decay) Work with exponential decay: enter three of initial amount, remaining amount, elapsed time and half-life to find the fourth.
- Gibbs Free Energy Calculator (ΔG = ΔH − TΔS) Find ΔG from enthalpy, temperature and entropy, and see whether the reaction is spontaneous, or solve for any of the four.
- Nernst Equation Calculator Find a cell’s actual potential from the standard potential, electrons transferred and reaction quotient, the Nernst equation at 25 °C.
- Arrhenius Equation Calculator Use the two-point Arrhenius equation to get the activation energy from two rate constants and temperatures, or find k at a new temperature.
- Freezing Point Depression Calculator Find how much a solute lowers the freezing point: ΔTf = i·Kf·m, or solve for molality, i, or the cryoscopic constant.
- Boiling Point Elevation Calculator Find how much a solute raises the boiling point: ΔTb = i·Kb·m, or solve for molality, i, or the ebullioscopic constant.
- PPM Calculator (Parts Per Million) Convert between mass and parts-per-million concentration: ppm = (mass solute ÷ mass solution) × 10⁶.
- Percent Error Calculator Compare a measured value to the accepted value: percent error = |experimental − theoretical| ÷ |theoretical| × 100.
Chemistry with the working shown
From the interactive periodic table to a redox-correct equation balancer, these tools give exact, deterministic answers rather than plausible-looking ones. The molar-mass parser handles nested groups and hydrates like CuSO₄·5H₂O; the balancer finds the smallest whole-number coefficients via exact BigInt linear algebra; and molarity, dilution, ideal-gas, pH and thermochemistry tools each print the formula and the arithmetic beneath the result.
That transparency is the difference from asking a chatbot: a calculator applies the same formula every time and lets you verify each step. It all runs in your browser, so it's fast, private and works offline, see also Physics and Biology & Lab.
Frequently asked questions
Are these chemistry calculators accurate?
Yes. They use exact, deterministic methods: molar mass sums IUPAC standard atomic weights, and equation balancing solves the reaction’s linear system for exact integer coefficients (no floating point). There are no lookup tables that drift, and the working is shown.
Is my data uploaded?
No. Every calculation, formula parsing, balancing, molarity, gas law, pH, runs in your browser with JavaScript. Nothing is sent to a server.
Why build chemistry tools an AI could answer?
Because AI chatbots reliably get these wrong: the published record shows them mis-balancing equations, mis-parsing hydrates, and picking the wrong limiting reagent. A deterministic tool gives the exact answer every time, with the steps shown.
Do these work for coursework and the lab?
Both. Molar mass, balancing, molarity, the ideal gas law, specific heat and pH cover the core of secondary and introductory-undergraduate chemistry, and the bench calculations (molarity, dilution) are everyday lab work.